Prevalence of psychological and mental health symptoms among nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Americas: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

To assess the prevalence of mental health symptoms in nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic on the American continent. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies that estimated the prevalence of mental health symptoms in nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic was performed through bibliographic database searches. A three-level meta-analysis model was used with the inverse variance method, tau was estimated via restricted maximum likelihood and logistic transformation, and heterogeneity was presented as tau2 and I2 . Of the 7467 studies obtained, 62 were included in the meta-analysis, which involved 52 270 nursing professionals. The overall prevalence for at least one mental health symptom was 56.3% (50.4%, 62.1%; I2 = 98.6%, p < 0.001). Eight mental health symptoms were found; among them, the most prevalent were burnout (52.1%, 37.1%, 88.8%; I2 = 98.5%, p < 0.001) and fear (52.1%, 30.1%, 73.3%; I2 = 98.1%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of mental health symptoms in nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic on the American continent was high, and strategies should be developed and implemented by managers and government agencies to promote the well-being, physical and mental health of nursing professionals. Studies like this one are necessary to highlight the need for efforts in the implementation of promotion and prevention actions to be developed by health organisations, managers and leaders with a view to improving the quality of life of nursing workers.

Epidemiology of tobacco use and nicotine dependence in truck drivers.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiology of tobacco use and nicotine dependence in a sample of truck drivers in Brazil. METHODS: Between 2015 and 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 624 truck drivers who operate on the BR-050 highway in Brazil. Participants were interviewed about sociodemographic data, occupational characteristics, mental health, behavioral data, and tobacco use. Then, the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) was used to verify nicotine dependence in smoking truck drivers. Logistic regression and linear regression were also used to verify factors associated with tobacco use in the previous 30 days and nicotine dependence scores, respectively. RESULTS: The prevalence of tobacco use among truck drivers was 21.1% (n = 132;95%CI: 18.1-24.5). Of the total number of smokers who responded to the FTND (n = 118; 89.4%), most had high/very high nicotinic dependence (68.6%; 95%CI: 59.8-76.3). Tobacco use was associated with absence of religion (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.60; 95%CI: 1.35-5.01), employment relationship of the contract (AOR = 1.98; 95%CI: 1.26-3.13); > 12 hours daily working time (AOR = 1.80; 95%CI: 1.09-2.98) and alcohol use in the previous 30 days (AOR = 2.92; 95%CI: 1.86-4.57). Irregular physical activity was associated with higher scores of nicotine dependence (ß = 1.87; 95%CI: 0.55-3.19). CONCLUSION: The results showed a high prevalence of tobacco use and high/very high nicotine dependence among the truck drivers.

Epidemiology of tobacco use and nicotine dependence in truck drivers

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate the epidemiology of tobacco use and nicotine dependence in a sample of truck drivers in Brazil. METHODS Between 2015 and 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 624 truck drivers who operate on the BR-050 highway in Brazil. Participants were interviewed about sociodemographic data, occupational characteristics, mental health, behavioral data, and tobacco use. Then, the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) was used to verify nicotine dependence in smoking truck drivers. Logistic regression and linear regression were also used to verify factors associated with tobacco use in the previous 30 days and nicotine dependence scores, respectively. RESULTS The prevalence of tobacco use among truck drivers was 21.1% (n = 132;95%CI: 18.1-24.5). Of the total number of smokers who responded to the FTND (n = 118; 89.4%), most had high/very high nicotinic dependence (68.6%; 95%CI: 59.8-76.3). Tobacco use was associated with absence of religion (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.60; 95%CI: 1.35-5.01), employment relationship of the contract (AOR = 1.98; 95%CI: 1.26-3.13); > 12 hours daily working time (AOR = 1.80; 95%CI: 1.09-2.98) and alcohol use in the previous 30 days (AOR = 2.92; 95%CI: 1.86-4.57). Irregular physical activity was associated with higher scores of nicotine dependence (β = 1.87; 95%CI: 0.55-3.19). CONCLUSION The results showed a high prevalence of tobacco use and high/very high nicotine dependence among the truck drivers.

Infecções sexualmente transmissíveis rastreados pelo pré-natal masculino* / Sexually transmitted infections tracked by male prenatal care

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis nos exames de pré-natal masculino. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, retrospectivo, de casos novos de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis por rastreio de 335 exames pré-natais masculino. Utilizou-se como instrumento de pesquisa a ficha de registro do pré-natal masculino tendo as variáveis: idade, sexo, escolaridade, entre outros. Digitaram-se os dados em planilhas eletrônicas, analisando-os no programa SPSS, versão 22.0 Resultados: informa-se que os resultados foram considerados todos casos novos, uma vez que não havia relato anterior de diagnóstico ou tratamento das ISTs. Mostra-se que a idade média dos homens registrados foi de 30,55 anos. Dentre esta amostra houveram três casos reagentes para HIV/Aids, 22 para Sífilis, cinco casos reagentes para hepatite B, e três casos para hepatite C. Conclusão: conclui-se que mesmo diante de uma amostra não representativa numericamente do total de gestantes atendidas no município, observou-se que é importante realizar o rastreio positivo para casos novos de infecção por HIV/Aids, Hepatite B e C, sobretudo para Sífilis.(AU)

Objective: to estimate the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in male prenatal examinations. Method: this is a retrospective quantitative study of new cases of sexually transmitted infections by screening 335 male prenatal examinations. The research instrument used was the male prenatal registration form with the variables: age, sex, education, among others. Data was entered into spreadsheets and analyzed using the SPSS program, version 22.0. Results: it is reported that the results were considered all new cases, since there was no previous report of diagnosis or treatment of STIs. The average age of registered men is shown to be 30.55 years. Among this sample there were three cases reactive for HIV/AIDS, 22 cases for Syphilis, five cases reactive for hepatitis B, and three cases for hepatitis C. Conclusion: it is concluded that even before a sample not numerically representative of the total number of pregnant women attended in the It was noted that positive screening for new cases of HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B and C infection is important, especially for Syphilis.(AU)

Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual en los exámenes prenatales masculinos. Método: este es un estudio cuantitativo retrospectivo de nuevos casos de infecciones de transmisión sexual mediante la detección de 335 exámenes prenatales masculinos. El instrumento de investigación utilizado fue el formulario de registro prenatal masculino con las variables: edad, sexo, escolaridad, entre otros. Los datos se ingresaron en hojas de cálculo y se analizaron utilizando el programa SPSS, versión 22.0 Resultados: se informa que los resultados se consideraron todos los casos nuevos, ya que no había un informe previo de diagnóstico o tratamiento de las ITS. La edad promedio de los hombres registrados es de 30.55 años. Entre esta muestra, hubo tres casos reactivos para el VIH/SIDA, 22 casos para la Sífilis, cinco casos reactivos para la hepatitis B y tres casos para la hepatitis C. Conclusión: se concluye que incluso antes de una muestra no representa numéricamente el número total de mujeres embarazadas atendidas en el municipio, se observó que la detección positiva de nuevos casos de infección por VIH/SIDA, Hepatitis B y C, especialmente para Sífilis, era importante.(AU)

Patterns of tobacco consumption among residents of a rural settlement: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate patterns and factors associated with tobacco consumption among residents of a rural settlement. METHODS: A cross-sectional study conducted between September and November 2014, with 172 residents of a rural settlement in the Midwest region of Brazil. We analyzed as dependent variables tobacco consumption at some point in life; current tobacco consumption; tobacco abuse; and the high risk of nicotine dependence, with sociodemographic variables associated with tobacco use, and we applied the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) and Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). RESULTS: The prevalence of tobacco use in life, current use, tobacco abuse, and high risk of nicotine dependence were 62.2%, 20.9%, 59.8%, and 10.3%, respectively. Advanced age, low education level, evangelical religion, marijuana use, hypnotic or sedative consumption, and male gender were factors associated with smoking patterns in the settlers. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high prevalence of smoking patterns, evidencing the need for public policies on tobacco prevention and control in this population.

Exposição a situações de risco para mortalidade em usuários de álcool e outras drogas / Exposure to mortality risk situations in users of alcohol and other drugs

O objetivo do estudo foi estimar a prevalência de exposição a situações de risco para mortalidade em usuários de álcool e outras drogas, e analisar seus fatores associados. Trata-se de estudo observacional, de corte transversal realizado com indivíduos com transtornos decorrentes do uso e abuso de álcool e outras drogas, segundo diagnóstico médico, que estavam em clínicas particulares de reabilitação e que relataram já terem tido experiências de risco de morte. Foi encontrada a prevalência de exposição ao risco de mortalidade de 45,9%, o que reafirma a seriedade e a complexidade da situação de saúde e social. Associaram-se ao resultado ter transtorno mental grave e doença infecciosa. A saúde mental dessa população demanda, portanto, atenção especial.

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of exposure to mortality risk situations in users of alcohol and other drugs, and analyze its associated factors. A cross-sectional observational study was carried out with individuals with disorders caused by the use and abuse of alcohol and other drugs according to medical diagnosis, who were receiving treatment in private rehabilitation centers and reported having already experienced death risk. A prevalence of 45.9% of exposure to mortality risk was found, which confirms the seriousness and complexity of this health and social situation. The results were associated with severe mental disorders and infectious diseases. Therefore, the mental health of this population requires special care.

Prevalence and Factors Associated With Criminal Behavior Among Illicit Drug Users: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Studies indicate high rates of criminal behavior, violent activities, and legal problems among illicit drug users (IDU) in Brazil. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with criminal behavior among IDU undergoing treatment for chemical dependency in Central Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out with IDU undergoing treatment for chemical dependence. Data were collected by means of face-to-face interviews and analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the total participants (n = 274), 46.7%, 15.7%, and 10.9% reported involvement in robbery, drug trafficking and homicide, respectively. Robbery was associated with young age, withdrawal symptoms, prison record, sex work, and crack use, while drug trafficking was associated with young age, low education, and marijuana use. Homicides were associated with cocaine and marijuana use. CONCLUSION: The results show high rates of criminal behavior among drug users, demonstrating associations between socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics, illicit drug use, and practices of illegal activities. These variables must be considered when planning programs and policies to reduce harm related to drug use and abuse.

Ajuda terapêutica a indivíduos em uso e abuso de substâncias psicoativas / Therapeutic help to individuals using and abusing of psychoactive substances

Objetivo: descrever a procura por ajuda terapêutica de indivíduos em uso e abuso de substâncias psicoativas. Métodos: epidemiológico transversal, realizado com indivíduos da região centro-oeste do Brasil, com histórico de uso abusivo de substâncias psicoativas. Realizaram-se entrevistas face a face nos locais da pesquisa em ambiente privativo. Os dados passaram por análise estatística. Resultados: foram entrevistados 266 indivíduos, sendo 85,3% do sexo masculino e idade de início de uso ≥18 anos. A maioria dos entrevistados relatou busca por ajuda em clínicas de reabilitação. A oração foi a ação de intervenção mais frequente, e o profissional com maior influência foi o farmacêutico. Conclusão: homens foram prevalentes dentre aqueles que procuraram ajuda, e o crack foi a droga em uso relatada pela maioria (AU).

Fatores associados à probabilidade de transtorno mental comum em gestante: estudo transversal / Factors associated with the probability of common mental disorders in pregnant women: a cross-sectional study

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de probabilidade de transtorno mental comum em gestantes e os fatores associados. Métodos: Estudo transversal, quantitativo e descritivo com 330 gestantes cadastradas em um Serviço de Atenção à Saúde da Mulher localizado no Brasil Central. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de um questionário que abordou características sociodemográficas, antecedentes familiares e pessoais. No rastreamento de transtorno mental comum, aplicaram-se o Self-Reporting Questionnaire e a regressão de Poisson, para verificar os fatores associados a ele. Resultados: A prevalência de probabilidade do desfecho transtorno mental comum em gestantes foi de 57,1% e esteve associada com as variáveis estado civil, idade gestacional, gravidez planejada e sangramento. Conclusão: A prevalência de gestantes com probabilidade de transtorno mental comum e a média do escore do Self-Reporting Questionnaire estimados nesta pesquisa foram superiores às outras encontradas em estudos com amostras de população geral.

COMMON MENTAL DISORDER AMONG ALCOHOL AND DRUG ABUSERS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY / TRASTORNO MENTAL COMÚN ENTRE PERSONAS QUE ABUSAN DE ALCOHOL Y DROGAS: ESTUDIO TRASVERSAL / TRANSTORNO MENTAL COMUM ENTRE INDIVÍDUOS QUE ABUSAM DE ÁLCOOL E DROGAS: ESTUDO TRANSVERSAL

ABSTRACT Objective: to estimate the prevalence of the probability of common mental disorders among abusers of alcohol and other drugs. Method: a cross-sectional study. The sample was made up of 234 individuals undergoing treatment and rehabilitation for chemical dependence in private clinics and in a Psychosocial Care Center in the Southeast area of the state of Goiás, Brazil. Instruments on sociodemographic profile, use of licit and/or illicit drugs, and a questionnaire that tracks common mental suffering were applied. Results: the outcome variable was the probability of common mental disorder, with 37.2% of the total of the sample. Association between the probability of common mental disorders and the female gender (odds ratio=4.06; 95% CI 1.56-10.56), age ≤25 years old (odds ratio=3.00; 95% CCI 1.41-6.38), and use of marijuana in life (odds ratio=2.83; 95% CI 1.38-5.78) were found. Conclusion: the study showed an association between the use and abuse of drugs and risk for common mental disorders.

RESUMEN Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de probabilidad de trastorno mental común entre sujetos que abusan de alcohol y otras substancias. Metodo: estudio trasversal. La muestra se constituyó de 234 sujetos en tratamiento y rehabilitación por la dependencia química en clínicas y en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial en la región sudeste del Estado de Goiás, en Brasil. Fueron aplicados instrumentos sobre el perfil sociodemográfico, el consumo de drogas lícitas y/o ilícitas y el cuestionario que rastrea el sufrimiento mental común. Resultados: la variable de resultado fue la probabilidad de trastorno mental común, con 37,2% del total de la muestra. Hubo una asociación de la probabilidad para Trastorno Mental Común, con el sexo femenino (odds ratio=4,06; IC95% 1,56-10,56), la edad ≤25 años (odds ratio=3,00; IC95% 1,41-6,38) y el uso de marihuana (odds ratio=2,83; IC95% 1,38-5,78). Conclusión: el estudio reveló una asociación entre el uso y abuso de substancias con el riesgo para trastorno mental común.

RESUMO Objetivo: estimar a prevalência da probabilidade de transtorno mental comum entre indivíduos que abusam de álcool e outras drogas. Método: estudo transversal. A amostra constituiu-se de 234 indivíduos em tratamento e reabilitação de dependência química em clínicas e em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial na região sudeste do Estado de Goiás. Foram aplicados instrumentos sobre perfil sociodemográfico, consumo de drogas lícitas e/ou ilícitas, e o questionário que rastreia sofrimento mental comum. Resultados: a variável desfecho foi a probabilidade de transtorno mental comum, com 37,2% do total da amostra. Houve associação da probabilidade para transtorno mental comum com sexo feminino (odds ratio=4,06; IC95% 1,56-10,56), idade ≤25 anos (odds ratio=3,00; IC95% 1,41-6,38) e uso de maconha na vida (odds ratio=2,83; IC95% 1,38-5,78). Conclusão: o estudo revelou a associação entre uso e abuso de drogas com o risco para transtorno mental comum.

Patterns of tobacco consumption among residents of a rural settlement: a cross-sectional study / Padrões de consumo de tabaco em residentes de um assentamento rural: um estudo transversal

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Investigate patterns and factors associated with tobacco consumption among residents of a rural settlement. METHODS A cross-sectional study conducted between September and November 2014, with 172 residents of a rural settlement in the Midwest region of Brazil. We analyzed as dependent variables tobacco consumption at some point in life; current tobacco consumption; tobacco abuse; and the high risk of nicotine dependence, with sociodemographic variables associated with tobacco use, and we applied the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) and Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). RESULTS The prevalence of tobacco use in life, current use, tobacco abuse, and high risk of nicotine dependence were 62.2%, 20.9%, 59.8%, and 10.3%, respectively. Advanced age, low education level, evangelical religion, marijuana use, hypnotic or sedative consumption, and male gender were factors associated with smoking patterns in the settlers. CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of smoking patterns, evidencing the need for public policies on tobacco prevention and control in this population.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Investigar os padrões e fatores associados ao consumo de tabaco em residentes de um assentamento rural. MÉTODOS Estudo de corte transversal realizado entre setembro e novembro de 2014, com 172 residentes de assentamento rural, na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Foram analisadas como variáveis dependentes o consumo de tabaco alguma vez na vida; o consumo atual de tabaco; abuso de tabaco; e alto risco de dependência nicotínica, com as variáveis sociodemográficas associadas ao consumo de tabaco, com aplicação dos instrumentos Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) e Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). RESULTADOS As prevalências de uso de tabaco na vida, uso atual, abuso de tabaco e alto risco de dependência nicotínica foram de 62,2%, 20,9%, 59,8%, 10,3%, respectivamente. Idade mais elevada, escolaridade baixa, religião evangélica, consumo de maconha, consumo de hipnóticos ou sedativos, sexo masculino foram fatores associados aos padrões de consumo de tabaco nos assentados. CONCLUSÕES Verificaram-se elevadas prevalências nos padrões de consumo de tabaco, evidenciando a necessidade de políticas públicas de saúde de prevenção e controle do tabaco nessa população.

Transactional Sex among Noninjecting Illicit Drug Users: Implications for HIV Transmission.

Noninjecting illicit drug users (NIDUs) present high risk for HIV infection, due especially to transactional sex. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for transactional sex among NIDUs in the Southwest region of Goiás State, Central Brazil. The prevalence of self-reported transactional sex was 22.8%. Prevalence in women and men was 52.7% and 16.8%, respectively, a significant difference (p < 0.001). Crack use and history of sexually transmitted infections (STI) were risk factors for transactional sex in men. Homelessness, crack use, sex under the influence of drugs, and history of sexual violence were risk factors for transactional sex in women. A high prevalence of transactional sex was observed among NIDUs. This risk behavior may contribute to the high rates of HIV among this population and their social networks and in the general population.

Prevalência de readmissões de usuários de álcool e outras drogas e fatores associados / Prevalence of readmissions of users of alcohol and other drugs and associated factors / Predominio de readmisiones de usuarios de alcohol y otras drogas y sus factores asociados

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de readmissão de indivíduos que abusam de álcool e outras drogas, e os fatores associados. Método: estudo transversal, realizado no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) e em clínicas de reabilitação, com indivíduos com histórico de abuso de substâncias psicoativas, situados na região sudeste do Estado de Goiás, Brasil Central. Os dados foram coletados entre agosto de 2013 e fevereiro de 2014, por meio de um questionário sociodemográfico e padrão de uso de drogas lícitas e/ou ilícitas. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o programa Stata Software Package, versão 10.0. Resultados: foram entrevistados 268 indivíduos; destes, 68,7% foram readmitidos. Na análise multivariada, verificou-se associação, em mais de uma readmissão, com as variáveis "usuário de cocaína" e "usuário de álcool". Conclusão: foram altas a prevalência de readmissões e a procura por tratamento por usuários de drogas.(AU)

Objective: to estimate the prevalence of readmissions among individuals who abuse alcohol and other drugs and associated factors. Method: cross-sectional study conducted in a Psychosocial Care Center (CAPS) and in rehabilitation clinics, with individuals with history of psychoactive substance abuse, located in the southeast region of the state of Goiás, central Brazil. Data were collected between August 2013 and February 2014, using a socio-demographic questionnaire and pattern of licit and/or illicit drug use. Data were analyzed using the Stata Software Package program, version 10.0. Results: 268 individuals were interviewed; among them, 68.7% were readmitted. Multivariate analysis showed an association, in more than one readmission, with the variables "cocaine user" and "alcohol user". Conclusion: the prevalence of readmissions and the search for treatment by drug users were high.(AU)

Objetivo: estimar el predominio de readmisión entre individuos que abusan de alcohol y otras drogas, además de los factores asociados. Método: estudio transversal, realizado en el Centro de Atención Psicosocial (CAPS) y en clínicas de rehabilitación, con individuos con antecedentes de abuso de sustancias psicoactivas, situadas en la región sudeste del Estado de Goiás, Brasil Central. Los datos fueron recolectados entre agosto de 2013 y febrero de 2014, por medio de un cuestionario sociodemográfico y estándar de uso de drogas lícitas y/o ilícitas. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando el programa Stata Software Package, versión 10.0. Resultados: fueron entrevistados 268 individuos; de los cuales el 68,7% fueron readmitidos. En el análisis multivariado, se verificó asociación en más de una readmisión con las variables "usuario de cocaína" y "usuario de alcohol". Conclusión: ha sido alta la prevalencia de readmisiones y la búsqueda por tratamiento de usuarios de drogas.(AU)